TGF-beta in Immune Responses: From Bench to Bedside (A2) 2011

The recent discovery of TGF-beta as a key regulator in immune responses (particularly in regulatory T cell and Th17 cell differentiation) has put TGF-beta at the center stage of immunology, a position it deserves. Despite great progress in the field, key questions related to TGF-beta re-programming T cells are largely unknown. In this regard, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-beta controls such a diverse T cell programming. Elucidation of these pathways would allow us to apply the knowledge and information acquired from basic studies to understand the pathogenesis of human immune-associated diseases and develop therapeutic practices in experimental and ultimately clinical settings. In addition, roles for TGF-beta in innate immunity, the mucosal immune system, autoimmunity and inflammation, anti-tumor immunity, and HIV-mediated immune deficiency have been gradually disclosed and appreciated. Thus, it is necessary to gather experts in the field together to discuss new findings and update the pivotal role of TGF-beta in the immune system, with the aim to lay out the critical and key questions and point out possible directions. The Keystone symposium is the ideal platform to reach this goal.